![]() Absorption atelectasis occurs when a large volume of nitrogen in the lungs is replaced with oxygen.This causes a reduction in the transmural pressure, in turn distending the alveolus to a level that permits it to collapse. Compression atelectasis occurs when the diaphragm has displaced cephalad and relaxed, rendering it less effective in maintaining differential pressures between the thoracic and abdominal cavities.4-6 Compression of lung tissue, absorption of alveolar air and impairment of surfactant function are the three physiologic mechanisms 5, 6 that may contribute to the development of atelectasis during general anesthesia. 5, 6 Atelectasis is estimated to occur within minutes of anesthesia induction and can extend into the postoperative period for up to 90% of patients, making it one of the most common complications in the operating room. However, mechanical ventilation can also contribute to impaired oxygenation and gas exchange, primarily due to atelectasis – the partial or complete collapse of the whole lung or lobes. 1-4 Overall, general anesthesia is an effective method for enabling surgical procedures, and mechanical ventilation is essential during general anesthesia. ![]() ![]() Globally, more than 200 million patients undergo general anesthesia and receive mechanical ventilation every year.
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